Stationary cycling for thinking and brain blood vessels

Intervention: It is a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. 40 participants with Parkinson's disease will be randomly allocated into 2 groups: i) aerobic training and ii) control. In both groups, intervention sessions will be held 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Aerobic training sessions will include aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer for 40 minutes at moderate intensity (12-13/20 points on the Borg scale). The control group will maintain usual care, including traditional motor rehabilitation sessions consisting of stretching, gait, balance and posture exercises and exercises with free weights, in addition to group activities (painting and choir).;G11.427.410.698.277 Primary outcome: It is expected to find a greater improvement in global cognition, verified by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, verified by the Non-Motor Symptom Assessment Scale in Parkinson's Disease (NMSS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0.05. Secondary outcome: It is expected to find an improvement in sleep quality, assessed by the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a P value < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in anxiety symptoms, assessed by the Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a P value < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in depression symptoms, assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in apathy levels, assessed by the Apathy Inventory after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0, 05.;It is expected to find an improvement in fatigue levels, assessed by the Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in pain intensity, assessed by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in quality of life, assessed by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a P value < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in the clinical condition, assessed by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a P value < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in gait, assessed by kinematic and kinetic aspects (joint angles, moments and powers) after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a P value < 0.05.;In comparison to the control group, it is expected to find an improvement in cerebrovascular function after aerobic training, assessed through transcranial Doppler considering as indices neurovascular coupling, cerebral autoregulation, vasomotor reactivity, acute cerebral blood flow response during aerobic exercise and basal cerebral blood flow. This effect will be verified through a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in cardiovascular autonomic modulation, assessed by the analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability, after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and defined time as a P value < 0.05.;It is expected to find an improvement in resting blood pressure, assessed by the oscillometric method, after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0 .05.;It is expected to find an improvement in flow-mediated dilation, assessed by duplex ultrasound, after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0 .05.;It is expected to find an improvement in intima-media thickness , assessed by brightness mode ultrasound, after aerobic training in comparison to the control group, based on the finding of a statistically significant interaction between the factors group and time defined as a value of P < 0 .05.