Testing radiofrequency treatment for leg stiffness and walking

This study will investigate the immediate and short-term effects of capacitive-resistive radiofrequency therapy (TECAR) applied to the lower limbs in people with Parkinson's disease. The main aim is to determine which of four different TECAR application protocols produces the greatest improvement in muscle stiffness and walking function. Twenty participants with Parkinson's disease will receive four different TECAR protocols in four separate sessions. The protocols will include capacitive treatment, resistive treatment, and two combinations of capacitive and resistive treatment. Each participant will receive all four protocols, and the order in which they are applied will be randomized. Sessions will be separated by a 7-day washout period. Muscle stiffness will be measured using the MyotonPRO device. Walking and functional mobility will also be assessed using the Timed Up and Go test and the 10-Metre Walk Test. Joint range of motion and lower-limb musculoskeletal pain will also be evaluated. Measurements will be performed immediately before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 48 hours after each session. The study will also record any discomfort or adverse events associated with TECAR therapy to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the different treatment protocols.

This is an experimental, randomized-sequence, within-subject crossover study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and acute effects of capacitive-resistive radiofrequency therapy (TECAR) applied to the lower limbs of people with Parkinson's disease. Each participant will receive four TECAR treatment protocols in separate sessions: (1) capacitive mode for 15 minutes per leg; (2) resistive mode for 15 minutes per leg; (3) a mixed capacitive-resistive protocol consisting of 10 minutes of capacitive treatment followed by 5 minutes of resistive treatment per leg; and (4) a mixed resistive-capacitive protocol consisting of 10 minutes of resistive treatment followed by 5 minutes of capacitive treatment per leg. Treatment intensity will be individually adjusted to produce a clear but comfortable thermal effect. The order of the four interventions will be randomized individually for each participant to minimize potential period, learning, and carryover effects. A washout period of at least 7 days will separate treatment sessions. Participants will continue their usual antiparkinsonian medication and usual medical care throughout the study. Assessments will be performed during the pharmacological "ON" state, approximately 60-90 minutes after the participant's usual dopaminergic medication. The primary outcome will be lower-limb muscle stiffness measured objectively using MyotonPRO myotonometry. Measurements will be obtained from standardized anatomical sites, including the medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris muscles. Secondary outcomes will include functional mobility assessed with the Timed Up and Go test, walking speed assessed with the 10-Metre Walk Test, range of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip measured by goniometry, and lower-limb musculoskeletal pain assessed using a Numeric Rating Scale. Outcomes will be assessed immediately before each intervention, immediately after each intervention, and 48 hours after each treatment session. Adverse events and treatment-related discomfort will also be recorded during each intervention and at the 48-hour assessment to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the different TECAR protocols. The study plans to recruit 20 participants with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, Hoehn and Yahr stages II-III, who have functional walking ability and clinically relevant lower-limb rigidity.