Following outcomes after brain stimulation

Intervention: Group 1: Clinical outcomes (especially bleeding complications) and long-term effects of DBS and other neuromodulation therapies will be assessed. For this purpose, parts of the routinely collected data of the control visits will be documented in the registry. Primary outcome: Baseline/descriptive data (all patients): (1) General data (demographic data, duration of illness, handedness). (2) Recording of pre-existing conditions and medications prior to the procedure. (3) Recording of procedure-related bleeding in routine imaging during the post-procedure period. (4) For surgical procedures, recording of data from the intraoperative procedure: type of anesthesia, temporary test electrodes used and their number, results of intraoperative test measurements, implanted stimulation system (type, manufacturer), and date of implantation (electrodes and stimulator), as well as any subsequent surgeries on the stimulation system and their indications. (5) High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the skull (3T) including structural anatomical data, as well as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) and subsequent fiber tracking to visualize the respective target structure (depending on the implantation site and the indication). (6) Postoperative evaluation of the achieved electrode position relative to the respective target structure using spiral CT or 1.5T MRI (routine). (These pre- and postoperative imaging studies are performed routinely.) (7) Recording of stimulation settings during routine follow-up visits (documentation of primary stimulation after testing individual contacts and all modifications). (8) Calculation/simulation of the electric fields around the stimulation electrode and its position relative to the target structure (EFS = electric field simulation). Measurement of the distance between the field and the target structure as a parameter in the context of field simulations. (9) For lesion-based neuromodulatory procedures without the implantation of a medical device, documentation of the lesion and its connectivity in routine follow-up imaging. (10) Recording of functional disease-specific diagnostics collected as part of routine clinical practice (e.g., neuropsychological testing, PET scans, and gait laboratory examinations). (11) Quality of life (EQ-5D-5L). Outcome measures (PD): - Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2) - Quality of life disease-specific (PDQ-39) - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) IIII - Non-motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) - Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) - Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease - Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) - Beck's Depression Inventory Revision (BDI II) - Self-Report Manic Inventory - L-DOPA Equivalent of Parkinson's Disease Medication (LED) Target variables (tremor): - Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) - Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (FTMTRS) - Examination of tremor intensity and tremor frequency preoperatively and at postoperative appointments with on and off stimulation - Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2) - Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) - Beck's Depression Inventory Revision (BDI II) - Quality of life disease-specific (QUEST) Target variables (dystonia): - For cervical dystonia, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) - For cervical dystonia Quality of life disease-specific: Craniocervical dystonia questionnaire (CDQ-24) - For all other dystonias: Unified Dystonia Rating Scale (UDRS) Target variables (Depression): - Beck Depression Inventory Revision (BDI-II) - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) - Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24) - General Assessment of Functioning (GAF) - Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) - SF-36 Quality of Life Target variables (OCD): - Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) - Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory – revised (OCI-R) - Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-D) - Beck Depression Inventory Revision (BDI-II) - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) - General Assessment of Functioning (GAF) - Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) - SF-36 Quality of Life Target variables (Neuropathic Pain): - Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) - McGill Pain Questionnaire Secondary outcome: A distinction between primary and secondary endpoints will not be made in this registry. Rather, a list of equivalent outcome parameters is defined.