Treatment and Management of Parkinson Disease
Treatment and Management of Parkinson Disease
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Original abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor functions due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, as well as non-motor symptoms like cognitive decline, depression, and sleep disturbances. The etiology of PD remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its onset. While there is no cure for PD, treatments focus on symptom management and improving the quality of life for affected individuals. Levodopa remains the primary pharmacological treatment, often combined with other agents such as dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors. Non-pharmacological therapies, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy, play a critical role in maintaining functional independence. In advanced stages, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is utilized to alleviate symptoms in patients who no longer respond to medications. This paper discusses the pathogenesis, treatment modalities, and management strategies for Parkinson's disease, highlighting the importance of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in improving patient outcomes. Despite significant advancements in treatment, research into disease-modifying therapies continues to be a major focus, with promising avenues exploring neuroprotective strategies and genetic interventions