Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Where did the research take place?
The study site has not been established. Author addresses may differ from where the research occurred.
Münster, DE · Author affiliation
Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine University of Münster Münster GermanyLocation evidence
Pavia, IT · Author affiliation
Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia ItalyLocation evidence
Milan, IT · Author affiliation
Institute of Biomedical Technologies Italian National Research Council Milan ItalyLocation evidence
Chicago, US · Author affiliation
Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome & Chronobiology Research Chicago Illinois USALocation evidence
Rome, IT · Author affiliation
Department of Biology University of Rome Tor Vergata Rome ItalyLocation evidence
Viterbo, IT · Author affiliation
Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro‐food, and Forest Systems University of Tuscia Viterbo ItalyLocation evidence
Bari, IT · Author affiliation
Institute of Biomembranes Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM, Italian National Research Council Bari ItalyLocation evidence
Helsinki, FI · Author affiliation
DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki Helsinki FinlandLocation evidence
Norwich, GB · Author affiliation
Quadram and Earlham Institutes Norwich UKLocation evidence
DE · Author affiliation · country only
Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Institute of Precision Medicine Furtwangen University Furtwangen GermanyLocation evidence
Hannover, DE · Author affiliation
Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology Hannover Medical School Hannover GermanyLocation evidence
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Original abstract
Abstract Background and purpose The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD) is under intense investigation, and the results presented are still very heterogeneous. These discrepancies arise not only from the highly heterogeneous pathology of PD, but also from widely varying methodologies at all stages of the workflow, from sampling to final statistical analysis. The aim of the present work is to harmonize the workflow across studies to reduce the methodological heterogeneity and to perform a pooled analysis to account for other sources of heterogeneity. Methods We performed a systematic review to identify studies comparing the gut microbiota of PD patients to healthy controls. A workflow was designed to harmonize processing across all studies from bioinformatics processing to final statistical analysis using a Bayesian random‐effects meta‐analysis based on individual patient‐level data. Results The results show that harmonizing workflows minimizes differences between statistical methods and reveals only a small set of taxa being associated with the pathogenesis of PD. Increased shares of the genera Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium and decreased shares of the genera Roseburia and Faecalibacterium were most characteristic for PD‐associated microbiota. Conclusions Our study summarizes evidence that reduced levels of butyrate‐producing taxa in combination with possible degradation of the mucus layer by Akkermansia may promote intestinal inflammation and reduced permeability of the gut mucosal layer. This may allow potentially pathogenic metabolites to transit and enter the enteric nervous system.