[A case-control study of Parkinson's disease].
[A case-control study of Parkinson's disease].
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Original abstract
Lifestyles and risk factors liable to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) were evaluated in a case-control study. 95 cases were studied along with their matched (1:2) controls. Cases were diagnosed at the Department of Neurology, Hokkaido University. Each given case was matched to two resident controls according to sex, age (+/- 1 year) and location (residents in the Sapporo area). 218 questions about preclinical life events (diet; exercise and physique; alcohol and smoking; personal relations; personality etc.) were asked in a one-to-one interview conducted by 3 staff members. Univariate results: 1) Diet: From infancy to 40, there were deficient intakes of meat, fruit, milk and dairy products, particularly prior to pubescence. Dietary behaviors after 40 showed no association. 2) Alcohol and smoking: Cases tended to smoke and drink less. 3) Exercise and Physique: Cases were inclined to dislike sports/exercise, to be physically slow, to have poor athletic ability, to have poor flexibility in adolescence and to have fair skin. 4) Personal relations: Cases had a tendency not to read books/newspapers, write letters, use the telephone and visit friends/relatives. Cases also refused leadership roles. 5) Personality: Cases were apt to be unsociable, taciturn, unobliging, and to have slow speech. Multivariate models: In order to study the joint effects and the combined effects of the major variables identified in univariate results, unconditional logistic regression analysis was carried out. The 9 variables were screened using stepwise procedure. From these variables, 4 independent variables were selected: deficient intake of fruit from middle school to 19 years old, fair skin, poor letter-writing ability and unsociability. The 4 independent variables were applied to one model, and resulted in a combined odds ratio figure. When the cases have none of the 4 independent variables, the combined odds ratio figure is 1. If the cases have all of them, then the combined odds ratio figure is 76.25.