Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of MPTP-associated pancreatic injury and its attenuation by Hexarelin in mice.
Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of MPTP-associated pancreatic injury and its attenuation by Hexarelin in mice.
Where did the research take place?
The study site has not been established. Author addresses may differ from where the research occurred.
Burdur, TR · Author affiliation
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur, Turkey. meldasahin0510@gmail.com.Location evidence
Denizli, TR · Author affiliation
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.Location evidence
Isparta, TR · Author affiliation
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.Location evidence
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Original abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with systemic inflammatory and metabolic alterations that may extend beyond the central nervous system. Although 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) reproduces several pathological features of Parkinsonian neurodegeneration, its effects on pancreatic tissue remain poorly characterized. This study investigated MPTP-associated pancreatic histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations and evaluated the potential attenuating effects of Hexarelin. Fifty male BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10/group): Sham, MPTP, Hexarelin, PreHexarelin, and PostHexarelin. Pancreatic tissues were examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for amylin, β-amyloid, caspase-3, glucagon, insulin, CD11b, CD68, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). MPTP administration was associated with marked pancreatic injury characterized by acinar degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolization, vascular congestion, interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and degeneration of the islets of Langerhans. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased inflammatory (CD11b, CD68, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and apoptosis-associated (caspase-3) marker immunoreactivity, together with increased β-amyloid immunoreactivity and decreased insulin and amylin immunoreactivities. Hexarelin treatment attenuated these histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in both treatment groups, although the magnitude of improvement varied among individual markers. These findings suggest that MPTP exposure is associated with pancreatic inflammation, apoptosis-associated changes, and alterations in endocrine-marker immunoreactivity. Hexarelin treatment was associated with attenuation of these pathological changes and partial preservation of islet morphology and endocrine-marker immunoreactivity; however, the PostHexarelin findings should be interpreted cautiously because the absence of a sequence- and time-matched post-MPTP vehicle control prevents complete separation of Hexarelin-associated effects from temporal changes after MPTP administration.