Theranostic Innovative Strategies for Brain Diseases: New Insights on Neurovascular Unit-Associated Pathological Changes in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging.
Theranostic Innovative Strategies for Brain Diseases: New Insights on Neurovascular Unit-Associated Pathological Changes in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Aging.
Where did the research take place?
The study site has not been established. Author addresses may differ from where the research occurred.
Monza, IT · Author affiliation
School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.Location evidence
Milan, IT · Author affiliation
Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy.Location evidence
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Original abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent a significant healthcare challenge, with aging as the primary risk factor. Current clinical management remains predominantly symptomatic, as late-stage diagnosis and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limit therapeutic efficacy. This review synthesizes emerging innovations in neurotheranostics-integrated diagnostic and therapeutic platforms-focusing on the neurovascular unit (NVU) as a central pathogenic driver and target. Evidence indicates that NVU and BBB dysfunction are early events in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's diseases, often preceding classic neuropathological hallmarks. The review highlights the potential of nanotechnology, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) as precision tools for early detection and targeted CNS delivery. Additionally, it discusses the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in facilitating personalized, predictive care. Transitioning from a generic "one-pill-for-one-disease" model to a patient-centered strategy targeting early NVU alterations is essential. Integrating AI, nanotechnology and NVU-focused strategies offers a promising path toward effective, personalized disease-modifying therapies.