The vicious cycle: unraveling the interplay between α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
The vicious cycle: unraveling the interplay between α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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Harbin, CN · Author affiliation
Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.Location evidence
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Original abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, characterized primarily by motor symptoms such as resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, accompanied by non-motor symptoms (NMS) including constipation and depression. The underlying mechanisms of PD are multifaceted, driven by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors that remain to be entirely understood. In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has confirmed that the abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory activation are not isolated pathological events; rather, they constitute the core driving mechanism of PD pathogenesis and progression through complex networked interactions. This narrative review examines the independent mechanisms of these three pathological components, provides an in-depth analysis of their regulatory interaction networks, and summarizes therapeutic targets and synergistic treatment strategies for the pathological axes, aiming to provide theoretical support for disease-modifying therapy and early intervention in PD.