Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and neuroinflammation: a multimodal approach to neuroprotection and future therapeutic horizons.
Where did the research take place?
The study site has not been established. Author addresses may differ from where the research occurred.
Cattolica, IT · Author affiliation
Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.Location evidence
Rome, IT · Author affiliation
Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.Location evidence
Antwerp, BE · Author affiliation
Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.Location evidence
Wilrijk, BE · Author affiliation
Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.Location evidence
Centro, IT · Author affiliation
Centro Di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124, Brescia, Italy.Location evidence
Brescia, IT · Author affiliation
Centro Di Ricerca E. Menni, Fondazione Poliambulanza Istituto Ospedaliero, 25124, Brescia, Italy.Location evidence
San Giovanni Rotondo, IT · Author affiliation
Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, Foggia, Italy.Location evidence
Foggia, IT · Author affiliation
Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013, Foggia, Italy.Location evidence
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Original abstract
As the global population ages, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases are becoming a rapidly growing public health challenge, with available interventions remaining largely symptomatic and often only modestly affecting long-term disease progression. Therapies involving mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted substantial attention as a potential clinical therapeutic strategy across chronic central nervous system (CNS) disorders, due to their multifaceted ability to modulate immune response and confer neuroprotection. While initially explored for their multilineage differentiation potential, MSCs are now predominantly recognized for their paracrine functions, including secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles. These acellular mediators induce diverse neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation, stabilizing the blood-brain barrier, reprogramming glial and lymphocyte activity, and delivering regulatory microRNAs that modulate neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory gene networks. In this review, we summarize molecular evidence from in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, and early clinical investigations that demonstrate how tissue source and immunobiological plasticity shape the efficacy of MSCs. We further highlight emerging trends toward acellular MSC-derived therapies, offering a mechanistically versatile platform for therapeutic interventions for common neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders of the CNS, particularly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, a primary autoimmune demyelinating disorder.