[Caffeine, Chocolate and Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease].
[Caffeine, Chocolate and Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease].
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Original abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with Parkinson's disease can apparently benefit from caffeine consumption, as a number of experimental and clinical studies have already shown. METHODS: The review examined the available literature on caffeine and Parkinson's disease. RESULTS: Caffeine can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exerts its biological effects mainly by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Numerous studies indicate that caffeine and its derivatives theobromine and theophylline are associated with a reduced risk of Parkinson's disease. Caffeine and adenosine antagonists reduce the excitotoxicity caused by glutamate. Evidence from animal models supports the potential of A2A receptor antagonism as an innovative disease-modifying target in Parkinson's disease CONCLUSION: The present review shows that the investigation and synthesis of xanthine derivatives as well as their analysis in clinical studies could be a promising approach in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.